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Manganese Metal 95

Manganese metal is divided into various grades according to purity, use and production process. The main distinction standards include international standards (such as ISO, ASTM)

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Manganese Metal

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Manganese metal is divided into various grades according to purity, use and production process. The main distinction standards include international standards (such as ISO, ASTM), Chinese standards (GB/T) and industry-specific classifications. The following are common manganese metal grades and their characteristics:

Chinese standards (GB/T)
The Chinese national standard divides manganese metal into two categories: **electrolytic manganese metal** and **manganese metal ingot/powder**. The grades start with **"DJMn"** (electrolytic manganese) or **"Mn"**, followed by a number indicating the purity level.

International standards
(1) ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials)
ASTM A99: Manganese metal for the steel industry, divided into 3 grades:
Grade A (Mn ≥ 93%, C ≤ 0.10%)
Grade B (Mn ≥ 90%, C ≤ 0.20%)
Grade C (Mn ≥ 85%, C ≤ 0.30%)
(2) ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
ISO 6236:2010: Specifies the chemical composition and physical form of manganese metal. The grades are similar to ASTM, but the classification is more detailed (such as **ISO Mn-1** corresponds to high-purity electrolytic manganese).

3. Industry-specific grades
(1) Manganese for the steel industry
High carbon ferromanganese (FeMn): contains 65-80% manganese and 6-8% carbon (not pure manganese, but widely used in steelmaking).

Medium and low carbon ferromanganese: carbon content 0.5-2%, used for precision alloys.

(2) Battery-grade manganese
Battery-grade MnSO₄·H₂O** (manganese sulfate): purity ≥ 99.5%, used as lithium battery positive electrode precursor.
EMM (electrolytic manganese dioxide)**: brands such as **EMD-1** (battery grade), **EMD-2** (industrial grade).